搭建LNMP环境（基于最小化安装CentOS 6.5）

本文档主要说明在单台服务器上手动安装LNMP环境的操作步骤，本文档使用的系统版本可能与您的实际使用版本不同，您可以根据实际情况选择相应版本。
一、本文档LNMP环境版本说明：
OS：最小化安装CentOS 6.5Nginx：ngi开发云主机域名nx-1.10.2.tar.gzMySQL：mysql-5.6.24.tar.gzPHP：php-5.6.23.tar.bz2
二、搭建LNMP环境基本步骤
1.准备编译环境2.安装nginx3.安装mysql4.安装php-fpm5.测试访问1、最小化安装CentOS6.5（步骤略）# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final)2、关闭SELINUX# sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g’ /etc/selinux/config# setenforce 03、配置防火墙，开启80端口# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables-A INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT# service iptables restart1、添加运行nginx服务进程的用户# groupadd -r nginx # useradd -r -g nginxnginx2、下载源码包解压编译# yum -y install wget gccgcc-c++ automake autoconf libtool libxml2-devel libxslt-devel perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed pcre-devel openssl-devel# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz# tar xvf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz-C/usr/local/src# cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.10.2# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid –lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi –user=nginx –group=nginx –with-pcre –with-http_v2_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_addition_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_mp4_module –with-http_gunzip_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_random_index_module –with-http_secure_link_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_auth_request_module –with-mail –with-mail_ssl_module –with-file-aio –with-ipv6 –with-http_v2_module –with-threads –with-stream –with-stream_ssl_module# make && make install# mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx/client3、添加SysV启动脚本# vi /etc/init.d/nginx#!/bin/sh # # nginx – this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig: – 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions# Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network# Check that networking is up. [ “$NETWORKING” = “no” ] && exit 0nginx=”/usr/sbin/nginx”prog=$(basename $nginx)NGINX_CONF_FILE=”/etc/nginx/nginx.conf”[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginxlockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginxstart() {[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6echo -n $”Starting $prog: ” daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILEretval=$?echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfilereturn $retval}stop() {echo -n $”Stopping $prog: ” killproc $prog -QUITretval=$?echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfilereturn $retvalkillall -9 nginx}restart() {configtest || return $?stopsleep 1start}reload() {configtest || return $?echo -n $”Reloading $prog: ” killproc $nginx -HUPRETVAL=$?echo }force_reload() {restart}configtest() {$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE}rh_status() {status $prog}rh_status_q() {rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1}case “$1” instart)rh_status_q && exit 0$1;;stop)rh_status_q || exit 0$1;;restart|configtest)$1;;reload)rh_status_q || exit 7$1;;force-reload)force_reload;;status)rh_status;;condrestart|try-restart)rh_status_q || exit 0;;*)echo $”Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}” exit 2esac4、赋予脚本执行权限。# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx5、添加至服务管理列表，设置开机自启。# chkconfig –add nginx# chkconfignginx on6、启动服务。# service nginx start7、浏览器访问测试。1、准备编译环境。# yum install ncurses-devel# yum install cmake2、准备mysql数据存放目录、添加运行mysql服务进程的用户。# mkdir -pv /data/mysql# groupadd -r mysql# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql# id mysqluid=497(mysql) gid=498(mysql) groups=498(mysql)3、更改数据目录属主属组。# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql4、解压编译在MySQL官网下载的稳定版源码包，这里使用的是5.6.24版本# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz# tar xvf mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz -C/usr/local/src# cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.24# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci# make && make install5、修改安装目录的属组为mysql。# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/6、初始化数据库。# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –datadir=/data/mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql7、拷贝配置文件和启动脚本。# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak //最小安装CentOS 6.5后，会在/etc目录下存在一个my.cnf，将此文件更名。# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf8、设置开机自动启动。# chkconfig mysqldon # chkconfig –add mysqld9、修改配置文件中的安装路径及数据目录存放路径。# echo -e “basedir = /usr/local/mysqlndatadir = /data/mysqln” >> /etc/my.cnf10、设置PATH环境变量。# echo “export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin” > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh # source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh11、启动服务。# service mysqld start # mysql -h 127.0.0.1//登录验证MySQL12、运行mysql安全工具，设置root账户密码、删除匿名用户、不允许root远程登录、删除测试库等。# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation13、（后续可选步骤）建立应用数据库app1_db、应用账户app1_user并授权。# mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -uroot -pmysql>create database app1_db;mysql>grant all privileges on app1_db.* to ‘app1_user’@’%’ identified by ‘app1_password’ with grant option;mysql> flush privileges;mysql> exitNginx本身不能处理PHP，作为web服务器，当它接收到请求后，不支持对外部程序的直接调用或者解析，必须通过FastCGI进行调用。如果是PHP请求，则交给PHP解释器处理，并把结果返回给客户端。PHP-FPM是支持解析php的一个FastCGI进程管理器。提供了更好管理PHP进程的方式，可以有效控制内存和进程、可以平滑重载PHP配置。1、安装依赖包。# yum install -y epel-release//安装epel扩展源，以便安装libmcrypt等。# yum install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mhash mhash-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel2、解压官网下载的php源码包，编译安装。# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.23.tar.bz2# tar xvf php-5.6.23.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/src# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.6.23# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d –with-config-file-path=/etc –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config –enable-mbstring –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir=/usr –with-openssl -enable-xml –enable-sockets –enable-fpm –with-mcrypt –with-bz2# make && make install3、添加php和php-fpm配置文件。# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.23/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini# cd /usr/local/php/etc/# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf# sed -i ‘s@;pid = run/php-fpm.pid@pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid@’ php-fpm.conf4、添加php-fpm启动脚本。# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.23/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm5、添加php-fpm至服务列表并设置开机自启。# chkconfig –add php-fpm # chkconfig php-fpm on6、启动服务。# service php-fpm start7、添加nginx对fastcgi的支持，首先备份默认的配置文件。# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.bak# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default /etc/nginx/nginx.conf编辑/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，添加php格式，类似如下：location / {root /usr/local/nginx/html;index index.php index.html index.htm;}取消以下内容前面的注释：location ~ .php$ {root /usr/local/nginx/html;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_index index.php;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;include fastcgi_params;}重新载入nginx的配置文件。# service nginx reload在/usr/local/nginx/html/新建index.php的测试页面，内容如下。注：以下测试内容中数据库账号为root，密码为p@ssw0rd。# cat index.php $conn=mysql_connect(‘127.0.0.1′,’root’,’p@ssw0rd‘);if ($conn){echo “LNMP platform connect to mysql is successful!”;}else{echo “LNMP platform connect to mysql is failed!”;}phpinfo();?>浏览器访问测试，如看到以下内容则表示LNMP环境搭建完成。

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